The 2024 Annual Report by the Spanish Observatory of Racism and Xenophobia (OBERAXE) highlights that hate speech on social media in Spain is still strongly linked to narratives about public safety. These narratives often portray immigration as a source of crime, reinforcing negative stereotypes. As a result, certain communities are disproportionately stigmatized and blamed for social insecurity. Groups such as North Africans and unaccompanied minors are frequently targeted.
A key factor driving this discourse is the spread of disinformation, hoaxes, and manipulated content. According to the report, around 40% of the analysed content is false or taken out of context. These misleading messages amplify fear and confusion among the public. By repeatedly associating migrants with danger, such narratives normalize hostility and prejudice. This creates an environment where discriminatory attitudes can spread more easily.
The report also emphasizes the intersection of sexism, racism, and Islamophobia in online hate speech. Women from marginalized backgrounds—especially Muslim women and women of African descent—are frequent targets. They often face symbolic violence expressed through mockery, contempt, or challenges to their autonomy. For example, women wearing the hijab are portrayed as oppressed or as cultural threats. This reflects deeply rooted colonial and patriarchal stereotypes.
Importantly, the report stresses that hate speech has consequences beyond individual harm. It undermines social cohesion, weakens democratic values, and erodes trust within society. Fear and division are reinforced, making coexistence more difficult. For this reason, addressing hate speech requires a comprehensive and coordinated response. Institutions, digital platforms, media, and civil society must work together to promote awareness and counter harmful narratives.
In this context, the Include Me+ project encourages people across Europe to act in building safer and more inclusive digital spaces. Through its free online course, participants can learn to challenge misinformation, reduce polarization, and promote constructive dialogue. The program offers practical tools, real-life examples, and interactive resources for different audiences. By joining this initiative, individuals can contribute to a more respectful and inclusive digital environment based on diversity, responsibility, and mutual understanding.
